Surface modification by glow discharge gasplasma treatment improves vascularization of allogenic bone implants

Sufficient induction of blood vessel ingrowth decisively influence transplant functionality. In this study, microvascular response to transplants of surface modified bone substitutes were assessed in vivo. The surface modification of allogenic bone substitutes (dehydrated human femoral head) was achieved in a double‐conductive low‐pressure gasplasma reactor (Ar₂/O₂, 13.65 MHz, 1,000 W, 5 Pa). The modified bone substitutes (n = 10) as well as untreated bone substitutes serving as controls (n = 10) were placed into the dorsal skinfold chamber of female balb/c mice (n = 10). Dynamic assessment of microcirculatory parameters was performed using intravital fluorescence microscopy during an implantation period of 10 days. The angiogenic response was found markedly accelerated in gasplasma‐treated bone. Compared to untreated implants, the gasplasma‐activated bone substitutes showed significantly higher microvascular density on days 5 and 10. The quantification of the microvascular diameters, red blood cell velocity, and microvascular permeability displayed stable perfusion and vascular integrity of the newly developed blood vessels throughout the 10‐day observation period. The surface activation via cold low‐pressure glow discharge gasplasma supports the vascular integration of allogenic bone by earlier induction of the angiogenesis.