Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: May 2014 - Volume 472 - Issue 5 - p 1377–1383 doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3197-y Symposium: Perioperative Pain Management in Orthopaedic Surgery

Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks Are Superior to Continuous Femoral Nerve Blocks in Promoting Early Ambulation After TKA

Mudumbai, Seshadri, C., MD, MS1; Kim, Edward, T., MD1; Howard, Steven, K., MD1; Workman, Justin, J., MD1; Giori, Nicholas, MD2; Woolson, Steven, MD2; Ganaway, Toni, BA1; King, Robert, BS1; Mariano, Edward, R., MD, MAS (Clinical Research)1,3,a

Knee

Background Femoral continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNBs) provide effective analgesia after TKA but have been associated with quadriceps weakness and delayed ambulation. A promising alternative is adductor canal CPNB that delivers a primarily sensory blockade; however, the differential effects of these two techniques on functional outcomes after TKA are not well established.

Questions/purposes We determined whether, after TKA, patients with adductor canal CPNB versus patients with femoral CPNB demonstrated (1) greater total ambulation distance on Postoperative Day (POD) 1 and 2 and (2) decreased daily opioid consumption, pain scores, and hospital length of stay.

Methods Between October 2011 and October 2012, 180 patients underwent primary TKA at our practice site, of whom 93% (n = 168) had CPNBs. In this sequential series, the first 102 patients had femoral CPNBs, and the next 66 had adductor canal CPNBs. The change resulted from a modification to our clinical pathway, which involved only a change to the block. An evaluator not involved in the patients’ care reviewed their medical records to record the parameters noted above.

Results Ambulation distances were higher in the adductor canal group than in the femoral group on POD 1 (median [10^th-90^th percentiles]: 37 m [0-90 m] versus 6 m [0-51 m]; p < 0.001) and POD 2 (60 m [0-120 m] versus 21 m [0-78 m]; p = 0.003). Adjusted linear regression confirmed the association between adductor canal catheter use and ambulation distance on POD 1 (B = 23; 95% CI = 14-33; p < 0.001) and POD 2 (B = 19; 95% CI = 5-33; p = 0.008). Pain scores, daily opioid consumption, and hospital length of stay were similar between groups.

Conclusions Adductor canal CPNB may promote greater early postoperative ambulation compared to femoral CPNB after TKA without a reduction in analgesia. Future randomized studies are needed to validate our major findings.

Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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